The Adirondacks have been an Indigenous homeland for millennia,and the presence of Native people in the region was obvious but not well documented by Europeanswho did not venture into the interior between the seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries. Yetby the late nineteenth centuryhistorians had scarcely any record of their long-lasting and vibrant existence in the area. With Rural IndigenousnessOtis shines a light on the rich history of Algonquian and Iroquoian peopleoffering the first comprehensive study of the relationship between Native Americans and the Adirondacks. While Otis focuses on the nineteenth centuryshe extends her analysis to periods before and after this erarevealing both the continuity and change that characterize the relationship over time. Otis argues that the landscape was much more than a mere hunting ground for Native residents; ratherit a ΓÇ£location of exchangeΓÇ¥ a space of interaction where the land was woven into the fabric of their lives as an essential source of refuge and survival. Drawing upon archival researchmaterial cultureand oral historiesOtis examines the nature of Indigenous populations living in predominantly Euroamerican communities to identify the ways in which some maintained their distinct identity while also making selective adaptations exemplifying the concept of ΓÇ£survivance.ΓÇ¥ In doing soRural Indigenousness develops a new conversation in the field of Native American studies that expands our understanding of urban and rural indigeneity.